Comrie 


W hat as Kymry” means 


PBIO83 
EP 


Se 





WHAT “KYMRY” MEANS 


A brief outline of the origin, history 
and significance of the ancient 
Celtic word, “Kymry” 


OO 
CO 


An Address by 


FRANK M.’COMRIE 


Before the Kymry Society 
of Chicago 


Printed by 
J. P. BLACK-MEAD-GREDE CO. 
600 W. Van Buren Street 
Chicago 





Copyright, 1924 
Frank M. Comrie 


© ie 


What “Kymry” Means 


T IS a great privilege to honor in some small degree the Kymry 

Society of Chicago, which has honored the name “Kymry” by 
lecting it as the name of its society, and also to express 
tribute to loyal Wales, which still cherishes the memory of the 
ory of the Celtic race. 


During the past few years we have heard much about Ireland 
id its seven hundred years of struggle for freedom but we have 
ard little about Wales, that brave little Celtic nation which for 
‘er a thousand years resisted the raids of the Norsemen, the 
cursions of Irish, Scotch, Danes, Angles and Saxons, the fierce 
tacks of Roman legions and the persistent invasions of English 
mies. 


The unequal struggle in defense of their liberties continued 
om the final departure of the Romans in 446 A. D. to the union 
Wales with England in 1282, a period of 836 years. 


In 1282, Llewellyn, the last native prince of the Cymry, died 
defense of his native land and the ancient kingdom of Cumbria 
ased to be numbered among independent nations. 


The origin of the word “Kymry” is veiled in mystery, but it is 
ie of the most ancient words in the world, and we shall find in 
ir study that it is not confined to any one race or people, but 
at it runs like a golden thread through the history of many 
itions, far back into the dim dawn of history. 


To trace this mysterious word back through thousands of years 
a task that would require a thorough familiarity with many 
nguages and years of research among the records of the past. 


It is especially difficult to trace the history of the word, since 
e ancient priests of the Kymry kept but few written records 
id transmitted the knowledge, secrets and mysteries which they 
sssessed by oral instruction from generation to generation. 


This outline is not in any sense a thesis on the word “Kymry,” 
it it is merely a co-ordination of facts gathered from many 
urces, a confluence of notes gleaned from many books, with the 
ype that in the years to come someone who is better qualified 
/ undertake the task may continue the research. 


3 


The generally accepted meaning of the word Kymry is defined 
by the Century Dictionary of Names as follows: 


“Cymry or Kymry (Kimri) plural of Cymro, a Welshman. 
The origin of the name is unknown; some connect it with Welsh 
“Cymmer,” a confluence of waters. It is the name given to 
themselves by the Welsh. In its wide application, the term 
is often applied to that division of the Celtic race which is 
more nearly allied or akin to the Welsh, including also the 
Cornishmen and the Bretons or Armoricans, as distinguished 
from the Gadhelic division.” 


An old book, Parry’s Cambrian Plutarch, says: “Cymry is 
the name by which the Welsh have distinguished themselves from 
time immemorial. It implies a first, or aboriginal people, and 
is pronounced as if written “Kumry.” 


In the Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 5, Page 318, we read, 
however, that “Should a serf or a stranger happen to become a 
bard, he became personally a free Cymro or Welshman, but his 
children were not free, though the time in which his descendants 
might rise to the privileges of a free Cymro was shortened!” 


It is evident, therefore, that all the people of Wales were not 
free Cymry. 


If Kymry means a Welshman, why is not the Prince of Wales 
called the Prince of Kymry or Cumbria? 


Why is the Duke of Cumberland a prince of the blood royal? 


Why was London decorated with “silver and blue” during the 
recent marriage of the Princess Mary? 


If the Ard-Righ was the highest chief or paramount king, 
what was the Cum-Righ? 


What was the Kingdom of Cumbria and who was the Prince 
of Cumbria or Kymry? 


What do the Celtic words “Cum” and “Righ” mean? 


In tracing the history of the word “Kymry” it is necessary that 
we trace the close connection which exists between such names as— 


Kymry Comares Gomery 
Cumbria Comrea Cambri 
Cymry Montgomery Cimmerii 
Cimbri Cambrai Cumbra 
Commercy Kumara 


and many other names which are closely connected, if indeed, they 


4 


did not come from the same source and have practically the same 
meaning. 


In the study of these names we must also remember that C 
and K were used interchangeably; that G was frequently used 
instead of C; that S seems to have been used in some lands instead 
of C; and that sometimes C was omitted altogether, and in other 
instances, the letters T and H were used. 


The link which connects two of these names may be a sim- 
ilarity of meaning, an identity of pronunciation or the use of 
the same coat or arms, motto, crest, etc. 


In Family Names (Cumber) by N. A. Lower, Page 76, we 
read: 


“Cumbra was the name of an Anglo-Saxon chief, A. D. 756. 
The name means “One having or bearing a standard.” 


Mr. Hew Morrison, Librarian of the Edinburgh Public Library, 
says: 


“Regarding the origin of the word ‘‘Comrie,” it is a Gaelic 
word which really means “Sanctuary,” whether civil sanc- 
tuary or ecclesiastical sanctuary. Sanctuary does not in such 
a case mean a place of worship, but a place of refuge. There 
were several of these in Scotland.” 


In Landmarks of Scottish Life and Language, by William Lyttel, 
Page 54, the author says: “‘Comerich’ is ‘Comaraich,’ meaning 
protection, mercy, favor, grace, also a sanctuary or place of refuge.” 


Longman’s Gazeteer of the World gives the derivation of Comrie, 
as from ‘‘Comar” or “Cumar’—a confluence. 


Parry’s Cambrian Plutarch says: “The district called Cumbria 
embraced a larger extent of territory than the modern Cumberland, 
which seems to be a corruption of the old name. It comprised all 
that part of the North anciently occupied by the Cymry and 
reached even to the borders of Scotland.” 


The Chronicle of Carlisle tells us what the extent of this 
Kingdom of Cumbria was and Ninian’s History of the Church 
of Cumbria, also gives valuable information about it. 


In “Councils and Ecclesiastic Documents Relating to Great 
Britain and Ireland” by Arthur West Haddan and William Stubbs 
(Vol. 2), “The Church of Cumbria” or Strathclyde, A. D. 608-1188, 
we find the following: 

“Cumbria is the land of the Bretti or ‘Cumbraland.’ In 
A. D. 1070-1091 Scottish Kings ruled over Cumberland and 


5 


Westmoreland, as well as Scottish Cumbria. English Cumbria 
was gradually severed from British dominion by Northumbrian 
conquest, and Scottish Cumbria for some years prior to A. D. | 
685 was subject altogether to Northumbria.” 


“Donald, the brother of Constantine, King of Scotland, 
was elected King of Cumbria or Strathclyde, A. D. 908. On 
the death of Edgar, King of Scotland, in 1106, Cumbria, north 
of the Solway, was bequeathed to David, his younger brother, 
with the title of ‘Comes’ or Earl of Cumbria, 1107-1124 A. D.” 


Historians’ History of Scotland (Vol. 5, Page 334) says that: 


‘‘Ailred, who wrote in the reign of Malcolm IV, terms it 
‘Cumbria’ and the people the ‘Cumbri.’” 


Hakonar Saga (III, Pages 223-227) says: 


“The two Cumbraes, two small islands to the west of Scot- 
land, the islands of the Cumbrians, originally called ‘Kumr- 
Eyiar’ or ‘Kumr-ie,’ being two of the islands that the King 
of Scots would not give up to King Haakon in suing for peace. 
Also called ‘Kumreyjum,’ which means Kumrey Isles.” 


Landmarks of Scottish Life and Language, by William Lyttel, 
Edinburgh, 1877, Page 44, says: 


“A number of churches, oratories and other Christian insti- 
tutions adorned the Cumbrae Islands in the age prior to the 
eruption of the Northmen toward the close of the eighth cen- 


tury. In some respects these islands may be justly compared 
with Iona.” 


In his thesis The Ethnography of the Cimbri, published in the 
Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ire- 
land, Canon Rawlinson throws much light on the subject. On 
pages 150-158 of Vol. 6 of the Journal of the Anthropological In- 
stitute, 1877, he says: 


“There are two opinions as to the origin of the word ‘Cim- 
bri’—one that it is of German origin, the other that it is Celtic. 
The supposed German ethnology of the name is referred by 
some to the root ‘Kampfer’—a fighter; by others to ‘Chempho,’. 
meaning ‘champions.’ ” 


Canon Rawlinson then proceeds to present his reasons for 
believing that it is of Celtic origin and on page 155 says: 


“The name Cimbri has been identified with the term Cymry 
or Cymraeg, which is still the native name of the Welsh. The 
name Cimbri well expresses Cymry. The consonants of the 
two words differ only in the additional ‘b’ of Cimbri, a very 


6 


slight phonetic corruption; one natural to the Romans; one 
which Roman writers assert was made in this very word; and 
one which was made again when a Latin speaking race fell 
in with the Cymry in Britain. 


“The corruption was natural to the Romans, who made from 
‘cum’ and ‘uro’ Cumburo; it was one which was repeated when 
Latin speaking ecclesiastics became acquainted with the Cymry 
of western Britain, whom they called ‘Cambri’ or ‘Cambrici,’ 
and their country ‘Cambria.’ 


“The only vowel change made in expressing Cymry and Cim- 
bri is that on the ‘y’ sounded like short ‘wu’ into ‘i,’ which is to 
be accounted for by the absence of that sound from the Latin 
language. As the ‘i’ was not an exact equivalent, it was not 
constant, but was replaced on the second occasion by ‘a,’ 
which is perhaps a little nearer. The ‘b’ appears also in 
modern Cumberland—the land of the Cymry. 


“There had once been a great people in the Caucasian 
region, whose name ‘Cimmerii’—derived from the Greek word 
‘Kimmerioi’—might seem to connect them with the Cimbri, and 
this people might have been of the same race. This people 
was powerful in the time of Homer, 1000 B. C., and again in 
the Seventh Century B. C.” 


To illustrate how this ancient name is connected with many 
nations, let us note merely a few of the many instances in which 
the same name or one very similar is now used or was used in 
the past. 


China Mexico Scotland 
Kumara Cumbre Cumbria 
Siam Daria Cumbrae 
Tee giten Comrie 
New Zealand poe England 
Kumara Wa Peel Cumbria 
Africa Indo-China North-Umbria 
ries Sum Cumberland 
: Abyssinia 
Babyl : 
Fentee Suma Belgium 
; Cambre 
Palsetiie Santo Domingo 
Humri Cumbre Wales 
Gomer Assyria Kymry 
Omri Kummuh Cambria 


7 


France Holland Russia 
Combre Kromme Gumri 
Cambre : Kumi 
Commercy pba . 

Comares Byzantium 

Denmark Comare (a fairy) Cimmbrii 
re Portugal (Anciently Japan 

India —Port-Cale) Komoro 
Kumrah, Kumara Gaimbra: Komura 

(Hindoo God of 

War) Italy Peru 
Kumana (Ceylon) Umbria Camana 
Tomara Comero, Cumea 

(Descendant of (Cumaean Sibyl, ae 

the flame) 1050 B. C.) 

Tahiti Greece pied! i 
Pomara (The Comrea 

King) Cyme (1000 B.C.) Argentine 

Guam Combreia Cumbre 

“Chomorrans’”— Montenegro Germany 
the name of the Kom Kummerow 
people of Guam 

Ireland agree Guatemala 

umania Cumbre 
Combre 
Cromie Crete Canary Islands 
Comeragh Mts. Cameri Gomera 


“Whittaker, alluding to the name, which the Welsh still retain, 


calls Cymri and Gael, equally the general designations of the Celtae, 
being the hereditary name of the Gauls, from Gomer, the son of 
Japhet, an opinion that is embraced by others, and seems founded 
on the conjecture of Josephus (Antiq. 1.6). It is an origin of the 
‘grand generic term,’ much easier admitted than that they ‘were 
produced from the elements of their own proper soil and climate.’ ” 
—O’Connor. 


Clelland (p. 202) says: “The appelation comes from the ancient 
Celtic ‘Kym,’ a mountain. We find the island of Cimbrei, now 
Cumray, the kingdom of Cumbria, etc. In the Commentaries of 
Caesar we also find Cimber a proper name. The Bretons are said 
to assume the name Cumero. 


“The Cumri, whom the Welsh Triads make the first colonists, 
are otherwise believed to have been the second, and of a different 


8 


race. That they were not, may appear from what has already been 
said; and whether they proceeded from Aquitain, as some conjecture 
(from Tacitus), or from Belgic Gaul, the only essential difference 
between these nations and the Celts consisted in name and local 
position. The aboriginal inhabitants of Britain must have been 
Celtic, for that race anciently possessed the whole of continental 
Europe. 


“When the Highland chief entered on his government, he was 
placed on the top of a cairn, raised in the form of a pyramid, and 
around him, but lower, stood his friends and followers. One of the 
principal persons then delivered him a sword and a white wand; and 
the orator, bard or Druid, recounting his pedigree, enumerated the 
exploits of his ancestors, and exhorted the young chief to emulate 
their noble example. By the Tanaist law, in Ireland, when the 
chief was elected, he stood on a stone placed on a hill, and took 
an oath to preserve all the ancient customs inviolate, and deliver 
peaceable possession to his successor. He, like the Highland chief, 
received a wand, and on descending from the stone, he turned thrice 
around backwards and thrice forwards. The Tanaist, on his elec- 
tion, performed the same ceremonies, but set one foot only on the 
seat of inauguration. The stone on which the Lords of the Isles 
were crowned, bearing the marks of the feet, still exists; and near 
the cathedral of Cashel is one used by the Kings of Munster for 
a similar purpose.” 


The Prince of Cumbria was the title formerly bestowed on the 
successor to the Crown of Scotland, when declared in the King’s 
life-time. The crown was originally not hereditary. The title is 
given to Malcolm, in Macbeth, by his father, Duncan.” (Century 
Dict. of Names.) 


Parry’s Cambrian Plutarch says: “The course taken by the 
Cymry, in their progress to Europe, as marked out in the Triads, 
may be compared with similar accounts given of the advances of 
the Cimmerii, and Cimbri, by roe Strabo, Dionysius, Pliny 
and other writers.” 


“The Triads are a kind of literature peculiar to Wales.” 
(Enc. Brit., Vol. 5, Page 316) 


Perhaps we can catch something of the meaning of the word 
“Kymry” if we consider that “Ka’’ is the spirit, which is able to 
leave the body and visit other places, and—the murmur A-U-M sig- 
nifies the summing up in itself of all truth. Thus we have Kama— 
signifying wish, desire, love, the Hindoo god of love—Kumara, the 
eternally youthful—Soma, primeval, all powerful, all pervading— 


9 


Gomer, “complete,” and Imri, “eloquent,” while Japeth means 
“blessed” and in Genesis, 19-6, we read—‘Ye shall be unto me a 
kingdom of priests, and an holy nation.” 


The ancient Welsh Triads and the Triads of India may perhaps 
evidence a great truth, that everything in this world is a trinity— 
land, air and water—sun, moon and stars—yesterday, today and 
tomorrow—birth, life and death—hbody, spirit and soul. 


The Welsh alone seem to have maintained the purity of their 
ancient Celtic name, and from time immemorial unto the present 
day, have called themselves the “Kymry.” This is perhaps due 
to the fact that in Wales the Celtic priests made their last stand, 
in their contest with Christianity, and when the last altar fire was 
extinguished, the Welsh people preserved their ancient traditions, 
and honored the name Kymry throughout the centuries which 
followed. 


“When St. Columba established himself at Ii (I-On-i), or Iona, 
it was the death blow to Druidism in Scotland. He had, however, 
according to tradition, a great respect for the order, although he 
opposed their doctrines, and burnt their books. 


“On the suppression of Druidism in Iona, it is said that the 
Welsh carried away many of the mystical instruments, which a 
partial revival of the system in their own country enabled them to 
use for several centuries.” (Scottish Gael, Page 470.) 


“The Leccan records of Irish history say that St. Patrick burnt 
no less than 180 Druidical tracts, and St. Columba, on his estab- 
lishment at Iona burnt a heap of books which were written by the 
Britons.” (Scottish Gael, Page 491.) 


It is interesting to note that the most sacred sanctuary of the 
early Christian Church was Iona, which was also the ancient holy 
place of the Druids, and that Iona of the Celts and Ionia of the 
Greeks are very similar. 


Renaud maintains that the ancient Druids were the first to 
teach clearly the doctrine of the soul’s immortality, and that they 
had, originally, as high conceptions of the true nature of God, as 
the Jews themselves. 


““Hesus, was the type of a Supreme Being, whose symbol on 
earth, was the oak. The mistletoe, when found growing on the 
latter, represented man—a creature entirely dependent on God for 
support, and yet, with an individual existence of his own. Human 
sacrifices were a natural consequence of the idea, dominant now, 
as in the days of the Druids, that the higher the victim, the more 


10 


complete the atonement offered to the Deity, for the sins of man.” 
(Enc. Brit., Vol. 7, Page 479.) 


“The word Druid was used in the early Celtic records to des- 
-ignate a class of priests corresponding to the Magi or wise men, 
of the ancient Persians, and is of uncertain entymology.” (Enc. Brnit., 
Vol. 7, Page 477.) 


THE HOLY PLACES OF THE CELTS 


It is probable that the sanctuaries of the Celts on the Cumbrae 
Islands were first destroyed, and we know that later Christian 
shrines were found in these islands. Iona, the most sacred place in 
the British Isles, was then desecrated and the ancient temples 
destroyed or converted into Christian places of worship. Iona later 
became the most holy sanctuary of the early Christian church in 
Britain. 


When the Angles invaded Mona, it is said that the Druid priests 
met them in procession, dressed in white, and attempted to drive 
them away with the most terrible curses, but the Angles persisted, 
drove out the priests, destroyed their temples and cut down the 
ancient oak forests in which the Druids performed their rites. Mona 
is known today as Anglesea, but it was evidently to this island that 
the Druid priests retreated, after St. Columba drove them out at 
Jona. 


THE HOLY MOUNTAIN OF THE LORD 


It is an interesting fact that every nation has had its “holy 
mountain” or holy place, which was sacred and most highly revered. 


Japan Rome Ireland 
Fujiyama Olympus Omagh 
China Greece Wales 
Shantung Cumae and Athens Mona 
Thibet France Persia 
Lhassa Lourdes, Rheims Kum 
Palestine Scotland 
Jerusalem Iona, Cumbrae 


It seems as though there must be some greater reason than 
that of safety alone, for the establishment of these holy places in 
the highest mountains of many countries, and it seems almost as 
if the people of many nations have preserved a legend of some 
mountain of the distant past, the Holy Mountain of the Lord. 


11 


It is interesting to note in this connection that Omagh, Ireland, 
and Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, possessed the ancient privilege 
of “sanctuary” and that even the King dared not touch those 
who sought refuge within their walls. 


There is an Irish legend that the first people of Ireland came 
from the Land of Youth, and it is noteworthy that the name of 
Persia, “Iran,” was pronounced Er-an, 500 years ago, which seems 
to indicate that the Irish and the Iranians were originally of the 
same race. The letter “x” which is so frequently found in Celtic 
names is also found in such Persian names as Xerxes, Cyaxeres, etc. 


It is claimed that the ancient Celtic word Kym meant “moun- 
tain,” therefore we might infer that Kymry meant a people who 
came from the mountains, or mountaineers. 


History shows, however, that the ancient name of Egypt was 
“Kem,” which has been interpreted as meaning “the black land” 
from the blackness of the soil. No one really knows whether this 
is a correct interpretation or not, and I doubt its accuracy. 


A study of Egyptian history reveals that “An” was the most 
ancient city of Egypt, and that it was the city of the sun-god, a 
seat of learning, and of the worship of the sun-god “Ra.” 


Rev. E. Davis, in Celtic Researches, says: ‘“Annwn, the 
country of the dead, was according to the Kymry, situated in the 
lower region, in the going down of the sun, in the west, while the 
Celtic word Annwn reminds us of the ‘Annunaki’ of the Assyrians, 
the offspring of Anu, the sky, or the god of heaven, and may be 
compared with the Cwm Annwn, or children of Annwn, a kind 
of spirit believed in by the old Kymry of Britain.” 


Ana was also the mother of all the Irish gods, therefore there 
seems to be a close connection between the “An” of ancient Egypt, 
the Annwn of Britain, the Ana of Ireland and I-on-a. 


Since the word “Kymry” has also been said to have been derived 
from Gomer, the son of Japeth, the son of Noah, it may be well 
to note that Gomer means “complete.” 


In Genesis 41-45 we find that reference is made to the word 
“on” meaning “the sun.” 


The Century Dictionary of Names says: “Om (but more 
originally and more correctly On) is an obscuration of An, a 
participle that plays a great role in the Hindoo religious literature 
—the mystic meaning of Om—as summing up in itself, all truth.” 


Om is a Sanskrit word of uncertain origin, a combination of 
letters, invested with peculiar sanctity, both in the Hindoo re- 


12 


ligions, and in Buddhism, with which the Brahmins had to begin, 
and end every sacred duty.” 


It is regarded as consisting of the three elements, A-U-M, sym- 
bolizing, respectively, Vishnu, Shiva and Brama, so that the mur- 
mur “Om” signifies the Hindoo Triad. Om is also the first syl- 
lable, of the formula of six syllables, so conspicuous in Buddhism, 
and especially Lamaism. 


Here again we find the Triads, to which reference is made in 
the ancient Welsh Triads, the Om in India, the An of ancient 
Egypt, the Ana of Ireland, the Annwn of Wales and Britain. Is 
it merely a coincidence? 


In Persia we still have a Temple of Kum, in the sacred City 
of Kum, south of Teheran, which still possesses the ancient privi- 
lege of sanctuary, where even the Shah recently sought refuge 
and protection against his enemies, and found safety, in this 
ancient sanctuary. 


In the word Soma (Su-ma) we also find a curious connection. 
In its character as a god, Soma was all pervading, all powerful, 
healing all diseases, the lord of all other gods. The prominence 
of Soma and Haoma, in the Veda, and the Avesta, respectively, 
constitutes one of the most important indications of an original 
Indo-Iranian unity. 


Between the On of Egypt and Genesis—the Ana of Ireland and 
the Annwn of Britain—the Sumeria of ancient Babylonia, and 
Samaria which was built by King Omri of Israel—the Soma and 
Haoma—Kama and Kumara—the Kem of Egypt and the Kym of 
the ancient Celts—the Cumea of Greece and Kum of Persia—the 
Kumra of Siam and Africa, and the Suma of Abyssinia—the 
Kumara of China, and the sacred OM of India, there seems to 
be some mysterious connection. 


Whichever way we turn, we seem to find the words, “origin 
unknown,” and there seems to be a great mystery about the 
whole matter. 


A careful study of history reveals that the word Kym seems 
to have been a Triad, used to designate a people, a family and a 
sanctuary. The Celtic word “righ” means “chief” or supreme. 
Thus we have the Ard-Righ or paramount King of Ireland, at 
Tara, the paramount King of the Dalriadic Kingdom in Scotland 
and the paramount King of Britain. 


The word “Kymry” and nearly all similar words are found to be 
associated with sacred places, or mysterious places, such as the 
Temple of Kum, Cumae, Cumbrae, etc. 


13 


It is a remarkable fact also that when it is used as a family 
name or the name of a city, the silver crosslet is nearly always 


found on the coat of arms. Thus we have Cromie in Ireland and ~ 


Comrie in Scotland, Commercy in France, and many other instances, 
where the silver crosslet—on three grieces—is used on the coat 
of arms or as u crest. Surely this is not merely a coincidence! 
ow? GH? Gro 
Liberty has ever been valued more highly than life, by all Celtic 
peoples. Death has ever been sweeter than slavery. 


Recently we have seen brave little Belgium trampled by German 
armies, but she did not yield or surrender. Those whom Caesar 
called “the bravest of all the Celts,” preferred death to serfdom. 


France, we have seen bleeding and wounded, but fearlessly 
facing her foe, dauntlessly defying death, and crying with grim 
determination, ‘‘They shall not pass!” 


We have seen Britain, with her back to the wall, valiantly re- 
sisting the gray tides which dashed against her battle lines, and 
hurling them back across the Rhine in defeat, and despair. 


Italy, Greece, Portugal, Roumania,. and many other nations 
answered the call of the ancient Celtic blood, and their sons went 
forth to battle. 


Even far away in the Himalayas, the legions of Indo-Irania 
beheld the signal fires on distant mountains, and hastened across 
the seas to answer the summons of their brothers in distant lands. — 


Is it a mere coincidence that when the sons of Lochlyn and the 
sons of Lyr were locked in mortal combat in the recent war, that 
practically all the Celtic nations of the earth fought in defense of 
their liberty? 


Is it a mere coincidence that every great leader in the recent — 
world war was of Celtic descent? 


Is it a mere coincidence that a son of Kymry held aloft the 
white wand of power and defied the legions of Lochlyn? 


The white champion’s wand which was in the hands of Curoi- 
Mac-Daire when making the conquest of Erin and the whole world 
—the white wand which was placed in the hands of the young 
Celtic chief when he took the oath to preserve the ancient laws 
and customs of the Celts inviolate—the white wand which is used 
as a sceptre at the Coronation of the Emperors of Japan—are 
perhaps but ancient symbols that we are all brothers, children of 
the same Father, who is all-powerful, all-pervading, all-mighty, 
and who ever keepeth watch and ward over the sons of Kym. 


14 








yrs 
. a] <o 
Ow wv Zz 

za 3aeeU 
ho ee 
Fre ae | 
<o 3 o 
a c eS 
Ss ~ a 
SFM; 


PHOTOMOUNT 


3 
= 
7) 
0 
a4 
a 
Qa 
34 
Oo 
— 
> 
< 





~ 
Tt} 
(=) 
Z 
roo) 
= 
Ww 
a 
a 
3 
a. 


: 
pe ORL EE ee a ee ee ee ee  —————————————————————————e———eEeeeeeerrltl 


ee eee ee ee. ee ee ee eee ee ee eee 





